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CalPERS Abandons One Part of Private Equity Scheme, Lies About the Rest, but Addled Business Press Continues to Get the Story Wrong

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CalPERS has abandoned the part of its private equity “new business model” that it tried to implement, a “fund of funds” scheme that we has criticized as likely to hurt returns and corrupt-looking how it was being implemented.

However, CalPERS has changed the spin but not the substance of what it is trying to do with its deliberately misrepresented part of its of its “new business model,” and has even gone from trying to depict it as “innovative” to presenting it as completely old hat, which it isn’t. Having gotten key parts of the story wrong before, the main outlets that cover CalPERS continue to muff their coverage.

CalPERS’ Original Plan

CalPERS’ “four pillars” had been:

Expanding its existing “emerging managers” program

Continuing to invest in private equity funds, but outsourcing most and over time potentially all to “fund fo fund” managers, introducing another layer of fees and costs

Doing “late stage venture capital” through one general partner that CalPERS would create

Doing “core economy investing” though a second general partner that CalPERS would create

The last two CalPERS had misleadlingly called “CalPERS Direct” even though this was never direct investing. Direct investing means cutting out the middleman and doing the investing in house with your own staff. Even the CalPERS-friendly expert Dr. Ashby Monk, brought in to give the board a pep talk, felt compelled to point out that what CalPERS was doing was not direct investing. And as Dan Primack said shortly after CalPERS announced its new scheme, in CalPERS sets questionable private equity course:

There are only three things in life you can count on: Death, taxes and CalPERS doing strange stuff with private equity….

The comp is supposed to be Canada’s big public pensions, which have spent the past decade building direct PE investing platforms and deemphasizing indirect investments with outside managers. But those Canadian systems generally maintain oversight rather than creating independent boards. Or, put more simply: CalPERS is creating an indirect model for direct investing, which seems to largely defeat the point.

CalPERS also presented two other changes it planned to make. One was that the two new entities it would create would be evergreen and would hold investments for a long time and that it would expand its current emerging manager program, which are managed by Grosvenor in two fund of funds.

CalPERS invited six fund managers, Blackrock, Goldman, AlpInvest (a subsidiary of Carlyle), Hamilton Lane, and Neuberger Berman to submit proposals over the last Christmas/New Year holiday. We explained why this program was likely to hurt returns as well as how the solicitation process was deeply flawed. One of the objections in the second post: “CalPERS threw it entirely on the outside firms to tell CalPERS what it ought to have. Would you ever allow a used car salesman to pick your car for you?”

CalPERS Retreats and Changes Its Messaging

We had pointed out that CalPERS looked to be having trouble with its funds of funds scheme, since the original schedule had the finalists presenting to the CalPERS board in March or April, and those dates came and went with no beauty show.

CalPERS staffer John Cole admitted in the Investment Committee meeting this week that CalPERS was no longer pursuing the fund of fund manager solicitation.

But CalPERS has also changed its messaging about its plan to create two general partners, with all the extra risk and cost of a startup, as well as being poorly diversified by putting so much money in the hands of two managers. CalPERS made a great deal of noise in May about CalPERS Direct, which we and Primack debunked as being anything but that. As we pointed out in May:

Per the chart below, you can see that we are not exaggerating when we call Eliopoulos’ sales patter a Big Lie. Repeating the word “direct” does not make it so. any more than when Trump doubles down on things that are obviously false, like his inauguration getting record turnout.

Eliopoulos apparently wants to relegate CalPERS not only to being a mere limited partner, as in a passive investor, in its two additional investment rackets, but to interpose two layers of boards between them and CalPERS.2 One can only conclude he wants to make damned sure CalPERS has no idea what is going on with the money it commits to these vehicles, and that they are even more of a black box than private equity is already. It appears that avoiding even the weak disclosure called for by California law is of paramount importance.

Yet all of the supposedly savvy business press that covers CalPERS took up the false claim that this program would be direct investing, including Joshua Franklin at Reuters, Christine Idzelis at Institutional Investor, Randy Diamond for Chief Investment Officer, and Mark Anderson of the Sacramento Business Journal. As one private equity professional said, “The press is easily confused and CalPERS makes a point of confusing them.”

In its Investment Committee meeting this week, departing Chief Investment Officer Ted Eliopoulos conceded that CalPERS would simply be entering into a typical general partner/limited partner type arrangement, specifically a “separately managed account” where the limited partner has his own fund that the general partner manages, as opposed to being one of many limited partners in a so-called “co-mingled fund”. But that new spin is misleading too. CalPERS, for reasons that have yet to be adequately or coherently explained, is setting up two brand spanking new partnerships to make these investments, and intends to select the key staff that it will stake. Now that CalPERS has ‘fessed up that these are just really big separately managed accounts, why not farm out the money to someone with a track record, rather than gamble on a newly created firm, particularly since research shows they underperform?

It was remarkable to see how reporters garbled the latest developments. For instance, from Arlene Jacobs at Pensions & Investment, by apparently not bothering to read the solicitation materials for the scuppered funds of funds plan, does not comprehend that they were never intended to be for the emerging manager program, which has always been a fund of fund, and CalPERS has not given any indication that it intends to change that. See how she conflates them:

CalPERS staff also are changing their thinking on the emerging manager private equity portfolio. Earlier this year, CalPERS had conducted a search for a manager to run the fund-of-funds type portfolio. Bidders in the request for information were AlpInvest Partners, Hamilton Lane, HarbourVest Partners, Neuberger Berman, BlackRock (BLK) and Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Under the revised proposal, CalPERS officials no longer will be outsourcing the emerging manager portfolio, Mr. Cole said. The emerging manager portfolio is expected to grow to less than $500 million over a decade.

“We have come to the realization after a lot of analysis and discussion that the structure is unlikely to meaningfully strengthen our organization,” Mr. Cole said on Tuesday.

And if you doubt my reading, the very next paragraph makes her error clear:

“So as we complete our search, which will be in early 2019, for a permanent head of our private equity team, we will re-evaluate our options under pillar two (the emerging manager portfolio).”

No, as you can see from the first chart above. pillar one is emerging managers. Pillar two, which is what the new fund of fund manager program was to address, is “partnership model,” as in investing with new funds offered by existing fund managers.

By contrast, Randy Diamond at Chief Investment Officer got this part of the story right:

The California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CalPERS) has ended its consideration of a plan that would have seen a strategic partner play a key role in running its existing $27 billion plus private equity program.

BlackRock, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, Neuberger Berman, AlpInvest Partners, Hamilton Lane, and HarbourVest Partners had all submitted plans to CalPERS early this year detailing the role they would play in managing the largest private equity portfolio in the US.

John Cole, a CalPERS senior investment officer, told the investment committee at its meeting on November 13 that the plan is now off the table.

“A year ago, we thought maybe it would be best to find the large partner in a discretionary role to help us identify good funds and to expand our relationships to include more co-investing and access to secondary transactions,” he said…

Cole did not go into detail and CalPERS never specified whether the chosen firm would have run all or part of the private equity program, which is mostly invested in co-mingled funds with general partners.

It was also good to see Diamond include this troubling part of the history of the failed idea:

CalPERS had been in exclusive talks with the world’s largest asset manager, BlackRock, before announcing that it was seeking proposals from a wider set of managers to be a strategic partner in the administration of the private equity program.

It was therefore distressing to see Diamond continue to parrot CalPERS’ false “direct investing” label, particularly since CalPERS is trying to reposition that and Diamond’s own words in the second paragraph below contradict the “direct investment” claim:

CalPERS is also pursuing an expansion of its private equity program, pending board approval, creating its own $20 billion direct investment program that would invest in later-stage companies in the venture cycle and take buy and hold stakes in established companies.

The expansion would be managed by a separate organization, funded by CalPERS, that would have the power to make investments without the approval of the CalPERS board.

Dietrich Knauth at PE Hub was the closest to getting it right in its first sentence:

California Public Employees’ Retirement System clarified goals for a revamp of its private equity investing, saying its proposed “direct” investment vehicles will work exactly like a “tried and true” separately managed account.

As we said, the new scheme is not like a “tried and true” separately managed account. CalPERS is bizarrely trying to divert attention from the fact that it is trying to enrich set up two new general partner. If CalPERS were merely committing money to two super large separately managed accounts, it wouldn’t take months of closed session meetings and Silicon Valley fixer Larry Sonsini drafting governance documents to do that.

Having said that, calling it a separately managed account is a less inaccurate description than “direct investing”.

But the headline, CalPERS plays down ambitious plan to become direct PE investor, perpetuates the confusion by creating the impression that CalPERS has changed its plans in a significant way for its last two pillars, as opposed to changing its messaging.

But the reversal of the fund of funds scheme, which as Diamond insinuated, looked intended from the very offset to hand the business to Blackrock, should send alarm bells ringing. CalPERS spent well over a year on what was a very simple to execute idea, only to figure out it made no sense. Why should we believe that the more radical and difficult elements of this scheme make any more sense?

This entry was posted in CalPERS, Investment management, Private equity on November 15, 2018 by .

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Source: https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2018/11/calpers-abandons-one-part-of-private-equity-scheme-lies-about-the-rest-but-addled-business-press-continues-to-get-the-story-wrong.html

Anwaltskalender 2019 – jetzt gewinnen!

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Es ist schon Tradition im law blog: In der Vorweihnachtszeit verlosen wir unter allen Lesern den bekannten und beliebten Anwaltskalender des Karikaturisten wulkan. Auch dieses Jahr ist es wieder soweit. Es gibt insgesamt 10 Exemplare des Kalenders für das Jahr 2019 zu gewinnen. Wie, das steht weiter unten.

Zunächst aber der Hinweis, dass es sich bei dem Kalender auch um ein tolles Weihnachtsgeschenk handelt. Die zwölf großformatigen Juristenmotive kommen im klassischen Schwarz-Weiß-Design. Der Kalender kostet 20,95 € zuzüglich 5,50 € Versandkostenpauschale. Es handelt sich um den Subskriptionspreis; ab dem 1. Dezember kostet der Kalender 25,95 € zuzüglich 5,50 € Versandkostenpauschale.

Der Kalender wird frei Haus geliefert, gerne aber auch an eine Wunschadresse. Wie immer ist der Kalender nur im Direktvertrieb beim Zeichner selbst erhältlich. Bestellung via E-Mail: [email protected] Per Telefon: 0172 200 35 70.

Aber, wie gesagt, wir verlosen ab heute auch 10 Exemplare des Kalender. Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten der Teilnahme:

1. Einen Kommentar zu diesem Beitrag schreiben. Bitte auf jeden Fall die E-Mail-Adresse gesondert reinschreiben. Das Kommentarsystem zeigt mir die hinterlegten E-Mail-Adressen leider nicht mehr komplett an, vermutlich aus Gründen des Datenschutzes. Ich kann also ohne Nennung der Mail-Adresse im Kommentartext Gewinner nicht benachrichtigen.

2. Wer aus verständlichen Gründen keine E-Mail-Adresse in den Klartext des Kommentars schreiben möchte, sendet einfach eine E-Mail an folgende Adresse: [email protected].

Die Gewinnchancen sind auf beiden Wegen gleich. Die Gewinner werden ausschließlich über die hinterlegte E-Mail-Adresse benachrichtigt. Die Teilnahme am Gewinnspiel ist bis zum 13. November 2018 möglich.

Viel Glück!




Source: https://www.lawblog.de/index.php/archives/2018/11/05/anwaltskalender-2019-jetzt-gewinnen/

Hundreds of Papa John’s stores could close: What retailers should takeaway

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Hundreds of Papa John’s stores could close: The takeaway for retailers

Store sales continue to be down about 10 percent since its founder's use of a racial slur in July

September 08, 2018 12:00PM

(Credit: Mr. Blue MauMau via Flickr)

Unacceptable behavior at the corporate level has real consequences for business, as Papa John’s demonstrates.

Since Papa John’s founder, John Schnatter, used a racial slur in an interview in July, same-store sales have been down about 10 percent with no sign of relief on the horizon.

“We are surprised the company’s aggressive promotions the past several weeks have not curtailed the sales declines and we believe if the trend persists that it could lead to accelerating store closures during the next six months,” wrote analyst Chris O’Cull about the company’s third quarter results to date, as cited in CNBC.

O’Cull predicted up to 250 stores could shutter unless the company’s sales see a dramatic change. The shut-downs are also likely to effect the company itself as Papa John’s makes about 35 percent of its profit by selling ingredients to its franchisees.

Though Schnatter has been sidelined from the company since his July comments, he’s still trying to orchestrate his way back to the helm of the pizza giant he created, according to Bloomberg.

Schnatter has a track record of making derogatory comments. In October 2017, he disparaged the NFL about how it handled players who refused to stand for the national anthem; since then, the company has lost a total of 5 percent of its market share. [CNBC]Erin Hudson



Source: https://therealdeal.com/2018/09/08/hundreds-of-papa-johns-stores-could-close-what-retailers-should-takeaway/

New Vehicle Sales “Collapse” And Pending Home Sales “Plunge” As America’s Economic Slowdown Accelerates

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In late 2018, the bad economic news just keeps rolling in.  At a time when consumer confidence is absolutely soaring, the underlying economic numbers are clearly telling us that enormous problems are right around the corner.  Of course this is usually what happens just before a major economic downturn.  Most people in the general population feel like the party can go on for quite a while longer, but meanwhile the warning signs just keep becoming more and more obvious.  I have been hearing from people that truly believe that the economy is “strong”, but if the U.S. economy really was in good shape would new vehicle sales be “collapsing”?

According to the latest estimates released by Edmunds, new vehicle sales for September are expected to collapse both on a monthly basis and year-over-year basis. The company predicted that 1,392,434 new cars and trucks will be sold in the U.S. in September, which makes for a estimated seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of 17 million. This will be a 5.4% decrease from last month and an 8.3% drop from September of last year.

Those are absolutely terrible numbers.

And this news comes after all of the major automakers had already revised earnings guidance lower.  The following comes from Zero Hedge

The drop in sales capped another rough month for the auto industry during which Detroit’s carmakers all revised their earnings guidance lower and Ford embarked on a five-year restructuring plan. Earlier this week, we reported that Ford’s CEO claimed that President Trump’s auto tariffs had cost the company $1 billion in profits.

Sadly, this may just be the very beginning of the auto industry’s troubles.

It is now being projected that if this trade war with China continues, U.S. automakers could see total sales fall “by 2 million vehicles per year”

Retaliation by China to tariffs already in place have made some American auto exports uncompetitive, and could collapse US auto sales by 2 million vehicles per year, resulting in the loss of up to 715,000 American jobs and a devastating hit of as much as $62 billion to the US GDP.

As per NBC News, the Center for Automotive Research (CAR) warns that the auto industry could receive a devastating blow if Section 232 declares foreign-made cars and car parts a threat to national security.

Kristin Dziczek, a vice president and senior economist at CAR, said if Section 232 is enacted, it could trigger a “downward cycle” in the auto industry – not seen since the last great recession.

And needless to say, the thousands of companies that do business with those large automakers would also lose sales and jobs.

Once these downturns get rolling, the domino effect can be absolutely devastating.

On Thursday, we also learned that pending home sales “plunged in August”

Pending home sales plunged in August, dropping 1.8% MoM (almost four times worse than expected) to its lowest since Oct 2014 (and fell 2.5% YoY) – the fourth month of annual declines in a row…

If the U.S. economy truly is “strong”, then why have we seen four monthly declines in a row?

And it isn’t just one part of the nation that is experiencing a downturn.  According to Bloomberg, all four major regions of the country showed a decline…

As Bloomberg notes, the decline, which was broad-based across all four regions, shows that higher mortgage rates, rising prices and a shortage of affordable homes continue to squeeze buyers. Existing-home sales in August matched the lowest in more than two years, while revisions to new-home sales showed a slower market than thought, according to previously released figures.

Homes are not selling like they once were.  There is a reason why one out of every four home sellers in America slashed their prices in August.  Demand is way down, and that strongly indicates that an economic slowdown is here.

When it looks like the economy is headed for a major downturn, a lot of people go out and stock up on gold, and it turns out that is precisely what global central banks have been doing

Central banks have emerged as some of the biggest buyers of gold this year, buying a total of 264 metric tons this year to reach the highest level in six years, according to analysts at Macquarie.

Of course the Federal Reserve and other central banks are trying to assure us that everything is going to be okay, but meanwhile their actions are telling us a different story.

Much of the world is already in the midst of a crippling economic crisis, and every indicator seems to be pointing to the fact that the U.S. is headed down the same path.

Even without any extenuating circumstances, the truth is that we are way overdue for a recession.  But when you throw in political chaos, exploding debt levels, an emerging market currency crisis and a trade war between the two largest economies on the entire planet, you definitely have a recipe for a perfect storm.

If you do not believe that this trade war is a big deal, you should consider the words of former Reagan administration official David Stockman

Folks, it’s not a “skirmish”. On the scale of trade warfare we are now at DEFCON 2.

At this very moment, the US is taxing $250 billion of Chinese imports or nearly half the total flow; and China is taxing $110 billion of its imports from the US or 85% of the flow.

And it’s soon going full monte. The Donald has repeatedly threatened to tariff the remaining $267 billion of Chinese imports if Beijing retaliates against his $200 billion, but, self-evidently, they already have.

The U.S. economy has found a way to muddle through for the past couple of years, and we should all hope that the economy can find a way to navigate through these current problems.

But the storm clouds are growing more ominous with each passing day, and at some point time will run out.

About the author: Michael Snyder is a nationally syndicated writer, media personality and political activist. He is publisher of The Most Important News and the author of four books including The Beginning Of The End and Living A Life That Really Matters.

The Last Days Warrior Summit is the premier online event of 2018 for Christians, Conservatives and Patriots.  It is a premium-members only international event that will empower and equip you with the knowledge and tools that you need as global events begin to escalate dramatically.  The speaker list includes Michael Snyder, Mike Adams, Dave Daubenmire, Ray Gano, Dr. Daniel Daves, Gary Kah, Justus Knight, Doug Krieger, Lyn Leahz, Laura Maxwell and many more. Full summit access will begin on October 25th, and if you would like to register for this unprecedented event you can do so right here.

 




Source: http://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/new-vehicle-sales-collapse-and-pending-home-sales-plunge-as-americas-economic-slowdown-accelerates

Schlumberger expects divergence in the global oil industry

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Schlumberger, the world’s largest listed oilfield services group, has said it expects a divergence in the global oil industry this year between solid growth in most countries and “more uncertainty” for the outlook in North America.

The company set out its view of the coming year as it reported a 25 per cent drop in adjusted earnings per share to 36 cents for the fourth quarter of 2018, excluding one-off items. The earnings were in line with the average of analysts’ expectations, according to FactSet,, although revenues were slightly higher than expected at $8.2bn, unchanged from the equivalent period of 2017.

Paal Kibsgaard, Schlumberger’s chief executive, said in a statement that he expected a “gradual recovery” in crude prices in 2019 after their steep fall towards the end of last year, as the production cuts announced by Opec and Russia take effect, US output growth slows, and the Trump administration’s curbs on Iran’s oil exports are tightened.

He added that he expected demand for oil to be supported “as the US and China continue to work toward a solution to their ongoing trade dispute”.

However, he said, he expected the benefit of that upturn to be unevenly distributed around the world, with “solid, single-digit growth in the international markets”, while in the North American onshore industry, “the increased cost of capital and focus on aligning investments closer to free cash flow has introduced more uncertainty to the outlook for both drilling and production activity”.

In the fourth quarter of last year, revenues were $2.8bn, the same as in the equivalent period of 2017, but down 12 per cent from the third quarter as production companies slowed their operations. Outside the US, revenues were $5.3bn, up 1 per cent from both the fourth quarter of 2017 and the third quarter of 2018.

Mr Kibsgaard said:

In this environment, we have built significant flexibility into our operating plan for 2019, which gives us the means and confidence to address any investment and activity scenario. Furthermore, the foundation for our 2019 plans is a clear commitment to generate sufficient cash flow to cover all our business needs, without increasing net debt.




Source: https://www.ft.com/content/6020109a-1b15-11e9-b93e-f4351a53f1c3

US-China: farmers count cost of trade war 

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The final 230 miles of the Mississippi river have long reinforced American might in global food markets. Ten grain terminals tower like fortresses along its bends, receiving crops from upstream farms, banking them in concrete silos and sending them over the levees into the holds of foreign ships. Together they can export 500,000 tonnes a day.

Yet this year the autumn high season never came. The amount of grain and oilseeds moving through Mississippi river ports has dropped by 9 per cent since the autumn of 2017, according to the Federal Grain Inspection Service. Buoys for mooring vessels bob unused.

Cargill, the world’s biggest agricultural trading house, repeatedly idled its two terminals on the river, including a five-day shutdown in November when workers stayed home unpaid.

“We’ve never done that [before],” says Jeremy Seyfert, the terminal manager. “We had the ability to take the plant down for five days because we didn’t have anything to load.” 

Between September and December, soyabean volumes shipped through Cargill’s river terminals in Louisiana are down 40 per cent year on year, Mr Seyfert says.

The disruption at the mouth of the Mississippi is an acute result of the US-China trade war. After US President Donald Trump imposed new tariffs on Chinese goods, Beijing punched back with duties on US exports including most of its $20bn in agricultural commodity sales.

Soyabean exports, worth $12bn in 2017, were hit hardest. The oilseed’s conquest of farm fields in the past 20 years has largely been down to US farmers gambling on China’s demand for protein to nourish pigs and chickens. Beijing raised tariffs on soyabeans by 25 percentage points in July, pricing the US crop out of the world’s largest market and making it a symbol of deteriorating bilateral relations.

“As soyabeans have remained the most exposed commodity in the trade war, investors should monitor this market in assessing the state of Sino-US trade negotiation,” says Citigroup.

Soyabean volumes have declined at Cargill's grain export terminal in Reserve, Louisiana since the US-China trade dispute began

Soyabean prices depressed by the dispute remain weak, reflecting low expectations even as US and Chinese officials resumed trade talks on Monday. Exporters are focusing their attention on other markets. Soyabean stockpiles are clogged up and down the Mississippi, upsetting rhythms of the crop calendar at a multibillion-dollar cost to American farmers and taxpayers.

Hopes rose in the US farm belt  after Mr Trump and President Xi Jinping of China met in Buenos Aires towards the end of last year and agreed not to escalate their dispute for 90 days, a period that ends on March 2. Beijing has in recent weeks purchased a few million tonnes of soyabeans for its government reserve, in a sign of goodwill. 

Yet the market is sceptical about the possibility of a permanent detente. 

“The reality is that we’re in the early stages of a new cold war,” says Jan Lambregts, global head of financial markets research at Rabobank, a lender to the food and agriculture sector. “China has thrown down the gauntlet: they want to be number one. The US has responded saying that’s not going to happen . . . Within that context, there is no way I can see a lasting deal.”

Jeremy Seyfert, plant manager of Cargill's grain export terminals in Louisiana © Claire Bangser/FT

Even if Beijing and Washington make peace, the effects of the 2018 soyabean showdown will endure. Market veterans recall how a 1973 US embargo on soyabean exports sparked Brazil’s ascent  as a major player in the sector. “Once you are branded with the scarlet letter of being an unreliable supplier, it is hard to completely regain those lost sales,” says Scott Irwin, a University of Illinois agricultural economist. 

Food security is a priority for Beijing. So uncertainty over US relations may cause it to further diversify its soyabean sources.

“No doubt in my mind, this will have some sort of long-term impact,” says Jim Sutter, chief executive of the US Soybean Export Council, a trade promotion body. “We’re going to do all we can to try and minimise the long-term damage in China, but after the 90-day period is over I don’t think we’ll wake up and go back to normal.”

The council has requested government funding to develop fast-growing alternative markets such as India and Nigeria. “We’re trying to make sure we’re going to new markets, reducing, perhaps, our dependency on a particular large market,” Mr Sutter says.

For the year up to September 30, China imported 94m tonnes of soyabeans, more than a third of it from the US. For the year that began on October 1, US government economists forecast China will import 90m tonnes, the first decline in 15 years.

The US has captured very little of that demand. From September 1 to mid-December US exports of soyabeans to China had amounted to just 341,000 tonnes, compared with 18m tonnes in the same period of 2017, US agriculture department data show. Meanwhile, US farmers have hauled in what is estimated to be a record 125m-tonne crop. 

The partial government shutdown  over Mr Trump’s proposed border wall has prevented the release of more recent official data on US exports. 

China looks able to make do with minimal amounts of US soyabeans until new supplies begin streaming in from South America. Its own reserves were already high when the China Feed Industry Association in October lowered the protein standard for pig and poultry feed. If fully embraced, the policy will reduce the country’s annual soyabean demand by 14m tonnes, says Chenjun Pan, a Rabobank analyst in Hong Kong. Further reducing millions of tonnes of demand, an African swine fever outbreak has led China’s livestock farmers to cull pig herds.

Last summer China ended duties on soyabeans and rapeseed — another protein-rich oilseed — from five Asian countries including India. It later reopened its market to Indian-crushed rapeseed meal, dismissing earlier quibbles about its quality. President Vladimir Putin has said he wants to sell more soyabeans to China, and in November a queue several kilometres long formed at Russia’s easternmost border crossings as a “massive supply of soy” made its way through, according to local reports cited by AgriCensus, a price reporting agency.

The biggest winner of the trade war so far has been Brazil, as China snapped up its previous crop. Gross profit margins for farmers exceeded 50 per cent in Mato Grosso state, compared with a historical average of 30 per cent, according to Guilherme Bellotti, senior agribusiness analyst at Itaú BBA bank in São Paulo. Land planted with soyabeans this year is expected to reach a record 36m hectares, adding pressure to convert more forests into cropland.

White House officials have made confident noises that China will offer big commitments to buy more American products such as soyabeans, corn and dairy. Yet crop traders are wary of basing decisions on such pronouncements.

“People in the grain industry spend a lot of time forecasting real demand, real supply, consumption patterns, rainfall patterns. Those are what used to drive grain flows,” says Michael Ricks, the Cargill trading and merchandising manager responsible for the company’s North American soyabean portfolio. “Now you’ve added a new element, which is geopolitical policy. And that’s something that we’re not at all skilled at forecasting.”

Michael Ricks, a senior Cargill soyabean trader © Claire Bangser/FT

The impact of the crop back-up is visible across the US interior. Soyabeans that cannot be exported have in most cases been stored in a bet on higher prices. White polyethylene bags stuffed with excess crops line fallow fields. They are cheaper in the short run than building metal storage silos, whose cost has soared because of new US tariffs on steel imports, silo manufacturers say.

Stocks of soyabeans available just before the 2019 harvest will more than double year on year, the US agriculture department estimates.

In the upper Midwest, soyabean trains that normally shuttle to Pacific ports have instead been redirected to head south-east towards the Mississippi river docks at St Louis, Missouri, says Kayla Burkhart, a grain manager at the CHS SunPrairie co-operative in North Dakota. There they are loaded on barges lashed together and pushed by tugboats to Louisiana terminals.

Flotillas of northern soyabeans in the autumn overwhelmed the local market in Louisiana, where farmers typically grow the crop alongside rice, sugarcane, cotton and pond-raised crayfish. 

US grain storage bins are holding record stocks of soyabeans amid the trade war with the world's largest importer © Claire Bangser/FT

Terminals, already full of supplies intended for overseas markets but which no longer had buyers, stopped purchasing Louisiana-grown varieties. More than half the crop in southern Louisiana was unmarketable or left to rot in the fields, according to the Louisiana State University AgCenter.

Damian Glaser, a farmer in New Roads, Louisiana, still had more than half of his 100,000 bushel crop — about 3,000 tonnes — unsold in December. It was the first year he chose not to sell right after harvest. “I normally don’t store anything,” he says.

Mr Glaser agrees with Mr Trump’s position on trade. “But I don’t want to go broke while he’s getting it done,” he says.

The Trump administration’s response has been to introduce a $12bn bailout scheme that includes government purchases of surplus foods, campaigns to identify new markets for crops and direct payments to farmers. Soyabeans have the biggest allocation, with $7.3bn of the total authorised for payment. Mr Glaser calls it “Trump money”.

“Even though he’s killing us right now, I think he’s going to be positive in the long run for the country,” he says of the president. “I was just hoping [the pain] wasn’t going to last this long.”

US farmers built up cash buffers during the commodities boom that ended earlier in the decade, but economic strains are building. In states of the upper Midwest — prime soyabean, corn, wheat and dairy country — banks are contending with rising levels of bad agricultural loans on their books, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 

In central corn belt states, such as Iowa and Illinois, farm loan repayment rates are declining amid a “decidedly downcast outlook for agriculture”, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago reports.

The impact of the tariffs comes on top of a multiyear bear market in grain, with large crops forcing down prices. 

“The longer this goes on, we’re going to see bankruptcies go up and then it’s going to bleed into the banking sector,” says Neel Kashkari, the Minneapolis Fed president. In his five-state region, 84 farms filed for chapter 12 bankruptcy protection in the 12 months to June 2018 — more than twice the level of four years earlier. 

Curt Engemann stands by a storage bin at his farm in Louisiana. Government subsidies have helped mitigate the impact of the US-China trade war on his business © Claire Bangser/FT

At Curt Engemann’s farm in Maringouin, Louisiana, the roughly $2-a-bushel fall in prices means about $260,000 in foregone revenue, he says. But he just collected a second payment under the federal aid scheme, covering most of his losses.

“I think it’s worth it,” he says of the trade war, adding: “If it continues in the next couple of years, call me back.” 

US farmers were already hurting even before importers including China, Mexico and Canada imposed new tariffs on their products. Adjusted for inflation, their net cash income last year dropped to the lowest level since the global financial crisis, with the average farm business earning less than $70,000, the US agriculture department estimates. The main reasons are a plentiful supply of commodities and low prices.

US farmers have hauled in huge crops in the past several years. Yields of both corn and soyabeans shattered records in autumn. Meanwhile, the Bloomberg Grains Subindex — composed of futures contracts for corn, soyabeans and wheat — has declined more than 40 per cent in the past five years.

Then came new tariffs. In addition to China’s duties on soyabeans, pork, dairy and other products, Mexico placed 20 per cent tariffs on US pork and Canada added 10 per cent in taxes on beef in response to steel and aluminium duties declared by president Donald Trump.

This all comes as farm debt is mounting, prompting warnings about risks to agricultural banks. However, it is premature to compare the situation to the farm bust of the 1980s, when a wave of bankruptcies rolled across the Midwest. 

Farms today operate with less gearing: their average debt is 13.5 per cent of the value of assets, compared with more than 20 per cent in the 1980s.

Farm families have also controlled costs by pausing machinery upgrades and reducing living expenses, says Chris Hurt, economist at Purdue University in Indiana. Large crops have allowed many farmers to offset low prices with bigger sales volumes. Finally, the Trump administration’s cash payments to growers hurt by trade wars has shored up their finances.

In fact, the Purdue University/CME Group Ag Economy Barometer, a gauge of producer sentiment, was higher in November than it had been a year earlier.




Source: https://www.ft.com/content/93a21e84-0f55-11e9-a3aa-118c761d2745

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